The National Diabetes Statistics Report is a periodic publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that provides updated statistics about diabetes in the United States for a scientific audience. It includes information on prevalence and incidence of diabetes, prediabetes, risk factors for complications, acute and long-term complications, deaths, and costs. These data can help focus efforts to prevent and control diabetes across the United States.
Diabetes Fast Facts
Prediabetes Fast Facts
The percentage of adults aged 18 years or older with prediabetes was estimated using 2011–2014 NHANES data. People without diabetes were classified as having prediabetes if they had fasting plasma glucose values of 100 to 125 mg/dL or A1C values of 5.7% to 6.4%. For consistency with earlier estimates, fasting glucose values were National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017 | 19 adjusted using recommended regression equations. People with missing values for either fasting glucose or A1C and pregnant women were excluded. The age-specific percentages of prediabetes for age groups 18–44, 45–64, and 65 years or older were then applied to the corresponding July 1, 2015 U.S. resident population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau to derive the age-specific numbers of adults with prediabetes. These age-specific numbers of adults were added to obtain the estimated total number of adults with prediabetes. The same method was used for sex-specific numbers. In addition, age-adjusted percentages were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and Asian), and education level. Age adjustment was done with age groups 18−44, 45−64, and 65 years or older by the direct method to the 2000 U.S. Census standard population. Among those who tested positive for prediabetes, awareness was defined as (1) answered “yes” to the question, “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have any of the following: prediabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, borderline diabetes or that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes or sugar diabetes?” or (2) reported having prediabetes when asked whether they had diabetes. Reference American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(suppl 1):S11–S24. Risk Factors for Complications Among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 2011–2014 Data Source • 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods Smoking The percentage of adults aged 18 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who had a history of smoking was estimated on the basis of self-reported current smoking or a history of smoking at least 100 cigarettes in a lifetime. Obesity The percentage of adults aged 18 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who were overweight or obese was estimated on the basis of a measured body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 to less than 30.0 kg/m2 (overweight), 30.0 to less than 40.0 kg/m2 (obese), or 40.0 kg/m2 or higher (severely obese). Physical Inactivity The percentage of adults aged 18 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who were physically inactive was estimated on the basis of self-report of less than 10 minutes per week of moderate or vigorous activity in each of the physical activity categories of work, leisure time, and transportation. High Blood Pressure The percentage of adults aged 18 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who had high blood pressure was estimated on the basis of the average measured systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or the average diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher or self-reported current use of prescription medication for high blood pressure. High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia) The percentage of adults aged 21 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who were eligible for and being treated with a statin was estimated on the basis of the 2013 cholesterol guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association. People with diabetes who were eligible for primary prevention statin therapy were 20 | National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017 defined as those aged 40 to 75 years with no history of cardiovascular disease or those aged 21 to 39 years with no history of cardiovascular disease and a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 190 mg/dL or higher. People with diabetes and cardiovascular disease were eligible for secondary prevention statin therapy. High Blood Glucose (Hyperglycemia) The percentage of adults aged 18 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who had high blood glucose was estimated on the basis of an A1C value higher than 9%. Coexisting Conditions and Complications Among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older with Diabetes Data Sources • 2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. • 2014 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. • 2013–2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. • Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. • 2015 United States Renal Data System (USRDS) Annual Report. Methods The number of hospitalizations for major cardiovascular diseases, lower-extremity amputation, and diabetic ketoacidosis in 2014 were calculated using NIS. The number of emergency department visits for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemic crisis in 2014 were calculated using NEDS. Crude rates were calculated using the proportion of the population with diabetes from NHIS. Prevalence data for chronic kidney disease awareness were from CDC’s Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance System using NHANES data
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